Internatoinal business mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internatoinal business mangement - Essay Example It helps to stimulate the economic growth. On the other hand, under the stated directed economies income and resources are funneled to the governmental central agency. It is the responsibility of the governmental central agency to allocate appropriate financial resources back into the action that the central agency deems important. State directed economies are high risk associated. If the organizations find it difficult to allocate appropriate financial resources then it can stifle the economic growth. Democratic political system can be considered as an important condition for the sustainable economic growth. There are several advantages of the democratic political system as it helps an economy to betterment the income distribution. In addition to this, democratic political system helps to adopt and develop free market economy system. Free market economy system can increase the buying and selling activities in an organization. In addition to this, it reduces the level of corruption in a country. Adoption and development of free market economy can help a country in several ways. First of all, it motivates several foreign players to invest in the country. It helps a country to increase the buying and selling activities. In addition to this, it helps to increase the employment generation aspect as the number of businesses or organizations increases due to these political systems. The market growth rate increases of an economy under this democratic political system as it helps to incr ease the market demand for a particular products and services. Intense market competition as well as demand for differentiated products and services can help a country to overcome several economic challenges, such as inflation, recession and depressions as the democratic political system motivates the business enterprises to produce goods and services according to the existing market demand. Therefore, limited threat of oversupply can help a country to gain effective

Best Buy Case Study Essay Example for Free

Best Buy Case Study Essay Best Buy is a multinational corporation with over 4,000 locations nationwide. Circuit City was Best Buy’s only main competition for some years until it took over and ran Circuit City out of business. Best Buy’s market share increased after that however, other large retailers as well as e-tailers entered into the market. Amazon, Target, Wal-Mart and Apple became Best Buy’s new competition that caused a decrease in market sales in 2010. They all had the same thing in common after the Circuit City collapse and that was to increase electronics. They all had their own strategies to out-beat Best Buy. Although Best Buy acquired some more competition in a 2010 survey consumers still said Best Buy is the first to come to mind when they think about buying electronics. However, even though Best Buy is the first that comes to mind against the other competitors, depending on what the product is they will go to Amazon to buy it instead. Due to their strategy which focuses on three areas; customer-centricity, employment policies and exclusive branding, they are keeping up with the competition. Best Buy’s strategies may help them a majority of the time but they could change their strategies just a little bit. They should try what Wal-Mart does and price match ads with other stores so that way they are still getting the profits and keeping customers. In my opinion, Best Buy could improve their strategy when it comes to prices because they are on the higher end of prices. As a consumer myself, I do look at Best Buy first for my electronics but I usually go somewhere else because the prices are usually cheaper. Other than their prices I actually think their strategies are working out good for them and it shows in their rankings amongst other competitors. Consumer electronics is considered a mature industry because of the new trends. This industry hits record sales during the holiday seasons but still says rather well throughout the year as well. All companies associated with this industry try to keep up so they make their own products. However, due to manufactures cannibalizing their products their product life cycle has decreased. Manufactures started doing this to try to keep their consumers  loyalty. When prices start to fall for technology products this opens a bigger demographic; however by time the prices fall for the products they have come up with better products. In order to recapture the growth of Best Buy they should try to fix the prices to fit a bigger demographic. I think if they at least try to work with the consumers with the prices they would gain more customers. The problem is the fact that consumers go elsewhere when they see the prices and do a price match. Amazon became popular with electronics because people f ound out that they could get electronics of all kinds online. Also Amazon has an advantage over Best Buy because with Amazon there is free shipping on products, well on most products. I think if Best Buy tried to adapt some of Amazon’s strategy they can out beat them in the electronics department. If they could be like Amazon and have a limitless inventory online rather than just have their amount of availability on the showroom. If they did this I think they would see growth in their company. They pride their selves in having the most respected name brands in the consumer electronics industry so if they matched the prices with their pride in their brands I see a definite growth in their company. With Best Buy being a well-known company and is the first that comes to mind when talking about electronics, if they had a bigger choice when it came to the products than they might gain some more growth as well to go along with their already loyal customer base. At Best Buy, they offer a selection of energy-efficient products. These products were designed to help their customers around the world save some more money by using less energy. I think with Best Buy becoming more sustainable they are more able to maintain the interest of the stakeholders. With these products the shareholders play a big role in influencing their overall sustainability strategy. The stakeholders help with modeling Best Buy’s annual sustainability reports. So with them adding this strategy and allowing the stakeholders to get the chance to have a part in the strategy they are gaining their interest. Best Buy actually takes the recommendations from their stakeholders and they try to communicate with them in efforts to keep their interest in their decision to incorporate a sustainability strategy. I think this was a good move on their part because it states they were uncertain about Mr. Dunn’s five year growth strategy. The stakeholders  were worried abo ut Best Buy’s cash position and about if these strategies would work or not. Anytime when stakeholders have the opportunity to have a so in a company is a good thing. In conclusion, I believe Best Buy is a great company but can become a better one if they were to do some modifications with their strategies. With the constantly changing economy they need to adapt their strategies to the changes. I’m not saying they would have to always change their strategies but I think they should always try their best to make their strategies fit the customers as well as help the success of the company. With that being said I believe they will receive even better results for the company as well as the consumers.

The Spanish Armada Essay -- Invincible Armada

The Spanish Armada also called the Invincible Armada, and more correctly La Armada Grande. It was a fleet intended to invade England and to put an end to the English aggression against the Spanish Crown. However it was a fatal mistake and after a week’s fighting the Spanish Armada was shattered, this led to the gradual decline in maritime power of Spain. Spanish powers dominated and influence much of the â€Å"known world† during the 16th Century. Spanish leader King Phillip II had reasons to eliminate their arch-rival England. His reasons were to convert the Protestants in England to the Church of Rome and to eliminate one of the major sea-fearing rivals for economic wealth. In 1587, Francis Drake cruised off the coast of Spain and under Elizabeth's wishes; Francis Drake attacked the Spanish shipping, burnt the half-finished and unmanned ships at Cadiz, and did enormous damage to the Spanish navy. King Philip II at last convinced that Spain must invade England in order to dominate the region. But his inefficiency as an organizer was never more evident. Slow, inactive, and not only ignorant of the secret of sea power, but also unwilling to admit that there was any need for advice and direction in sea warfare. He wasted months on making plans of campaign while the building and refitting of the fleet was neglected. Even though the Spaniards of that day were reputed the best soldiers in the world, but in naval maneuvers and in the use of heavy artillery they were very far behind...

Despite the Australian context, The Removalists, is able to dramatize convincingly issues, which are relevant to any society

In the play, The Removalists, Williamson uses the Australian context to help dramatize various convincing issues, which are relevant to society. The use of typical colloquial language and idioms in the play are the only features particularly related to the Australian context. Other features such as setting, stagecraft, lighting, and costumes remain common and universal to all society. Together with the characters of Simmond, Ross, Kate, Kenny, Fiona and the removalist, the central themes of power, authoritarianism, violence, confrontation between sexes and prejudice are well illustrated. It is through The Removalists that Williamson make the audience aware of the corruption in society and contrary within life. The title of the play, The Removalists, directly and metaphorically suggests the police are â€Å"removing† the scandals from society through which abusive power is used. It also implies that the corruption of authorities and power within public forces is being removed from the control of law and order. These ideas of power are enhanced through characters and series of incidents of the play. The imbalance power relation is directly introduced in the beginning of the play when Simmond was â€Å"auditioning† Ross for his duty in the police force. Immediately, Simmond's relaxed sitting position in contrast with Ross' uncomfortable and uneasy standing position depicts the different power status between the two. The motion of Simmond â€Å"circling† Ross further distinguishes the different amount of power and authority held by each character. Other than the application of stagecraft, physical body language also plays an important part in portraying social issues. As particularly highlighted by the character of Simmonds, it is common that power and violence, some of which are illegal and invalid, are being overused within the society for various reasons. In the case of Simmonds, he viciously and repulsively beats up Kenny in order to gain power, establish control and obtain his desires and wants. His continuous use of violence and power throughout the play reflects the obsession of power within society. People are often blinded by the sense of power and authority that they simply strive greedily and endlessly for power and neglect the serious possible consequences that may bring in return. The sudden explosion of violence of Ross on helpless Kenny shows that everyone in society, even those of the least expected, do possess a certain kind of aggressive instinct within his/herself. This idea is enhanced through suspension atmosphere and the imagination of the audience while the violent bloody scene between the two characters occurred off stage. The use of silence and pause after the bashing furthermore creates tension, which highlights the hidden power and ability within people in society such as Ross. The misuse of authority and abusive violence by officials are prominently examined in The Removalists, mainly through the characters of Sergeant Simmonds and Constable Ross. The two police officers use Kenny as a punching bag in order to work out on their repressions and frustrations, and they can do so because they have come to take their own power as a matter of course. This effectively reflects that there are tremendous prejudices and pressures towards conformity in Australian society, which is reinforced by an implied threat of violence. Williamson also explores the unbalanced power held between different classes. For instance, as depicted by the character of Kate, who belongs to a wealthy high-class family, tends to have power and control over her sister, Fiona, who belongs to a rather low-class one. This is also reflected through the contrasting costumes wore by the two as Kate is â€Å"more expensively dressed and more elegant than her younger sister†, who has â€Å"an easy innocent sensuality†. Not only does Kate often manipulate and took advantage of Fiona's innocence, but Simmond also dominates Fiona and the prostitutes at the brothel. This shows that the ones positioned at the top of the hierarchy tend to hold control and scrutinize those at the bottom of the hierarchy. The attempt of solving problems with more violence in the end of the play after Kenny's death shows that part of society is tremendously corrupted by violence. Once a pattern of violence is accepted for any circumstances, it becomes acceptable in all circumstances. As a result, people will subconsciously apply violence in an uncontrollable manner just as â€Å"the fight almost takes on the air of frenzied ritual of exorcism†. Insults, assaults and aggressive use of words can also be seen as violence, as shown by Simmonds, who more often attack others verbally. He speaks of strong, harsh language, often containing swearwords and black irony in his speech to challenge and insult his target opponents. Perhaps in Simmonds' attitude to his junior, Constable Ross, especially after Kenny's death, aggression is expressed by the old towards the young. This reflects the deep and bitter resentment felt by the old against the challenge to their moral and institutional power. Knowledge and experiences are another important aspects, through which power is established. For instance, Kenny uses the knowledge of Kate's private life and adultery to gain control over Kate. Similarly, the power of the removalist is neither exerted nor influenced in any way for he holds evidences and knowledge of real situation and the illegal violence involved. He is prepared to use this power of knowledge if his status is being threatened. It is also this power of knowledge that Simmond has over Ross, Kate and Fiona's background that places him at a higher and more powerful status. The community itself is partially responsible for such corruption in society, as they are the ones who tolerated such to occur. The removalist is a representation of this, as he refuses to help out or get involved into the bloody situation between the police officers and Kenny, instead he allows the scene to happen. The attitude of the removalist being â€Å"if nobody interferes with me then I don't interfere with nobody†. This effectively reflects not only the attitude of the community against illegal acts and conducts but also shows their selfishness and ignorance. The victims, who are mistreated and encountered unfairness, are also to be blamed as they are often reluctant to complain or take legal action because they fear reprisals of one sort or another. The community simply has a natural unwillingness to cross swords with established power such as the police force. The result of their impotent rage will in turn be expressed in fresh acts of violence on other victims. Those law-abiding and decent members of the force are another factor that helps to give immunity to criminally violent police. As represented by Constable Ross, the decent members generally failed to take actions necessary to halt their law-breaking colleagues. Instead help the unlawful ones to cover up or even participate in the abusive violence with others. This is further enhanced by the removalist's rhetorical claim, â€Å"Do you think they'd [the police] come down and collar their own mates?†. Unlike a regular violent incident, police brutality embodies a corruption of the law itself. When the law itself is the culprit, people in the community have no security and no avenue of redress. On the other hand, in the past people's view and attitude towards â€Å"wife bashing† is rather negative. It is a common saying at the time that † Never arrest a wife basher if he missus is still warm†. At the level not so much of approval, but rather of unthinking social acceptance, is that the male-female relationship is rested on a frightening sub-stratum of violence. The popular language of sex is violent. The deep repression and frustrations expressed by Sergeant Simmonds in his outburst against Kate and Fiona are endemic in this culture. The society's code of aggressive masculinity involves the positive isolation of women in their role as sexual objects. This implies an inhuman violence in sexual relationships, against which women are fighting and protesting for in recent years. The continuous change of power among characters throughout the play effectively suggests that power is mostly created, recreated, depoliticized and routinized within one's language and action. This is displayed as Simmond's control over situation fluctuates as Ross and Kate challenges repeatedly challenges his power. Kate mainly gains her power by sharing with Simmond. Her approach of sitting on Simmond's desk and letting him to place his arm around her, are evidential of the loss and gain of power between individuals in society. Moreover, Williamson explores subtle ideas in regards to the prejudice and racism in society. This is depicted through insulting language and name-calling to those that are different to the norm in society and with a different ethnic background. For instance, Christians are being named â€Å"mick†, which is just as insulting to the extent of calling Afro-Americans â€Å"negro†. This reflects that certain unfair and irrational conventions in society are passed on from the past and remains in present days. Through the character, stagecraft and playwright, Williamson prominently provoked many subtle ideas and social issues. As he examines and manipulates different forms of power in the play, Williamson proficiently convey the idea that â€Å"power is a cancer that eats at the heart of all civilized society†. In order to overcome such corruption in societies, the most realistic solutions lie in the fields of education, and more humane, and human-centered urban development. Through The Removalists, Williamson not only highlighted many social issues, but also more importantly, initiated in the field of education to provoke the community of their wrongs and fraud.

How to be a good student

Time management Planned and don't put off your plan Pay attention in your lesson Take note and Review by Creating mind map Stage II: Planning (Outlining) Stage Ill: Writing f you want to be a good student, you should follow these advices that I will mention below. The firstly of them is that you should pay attention in your lesson. In fact, teacher is the person who concludes all main points of your lesson and tell it to you in an interesting and clear way in class.As a result, eying attention in your lesson is the best way help you save time to understand what you are learning in the book. The second advice is taking note and reviewing your lesson by creating mind map. In my opinion, listening to our teachers just like collect the information; however, a good student have to gain their own knowledge. One solution is taking note what you think is necessary, and then, you put all information you collected in your brain by remembering an imaginative noted mind map.Last but not least, l anding for your target, and manage your time weekly in order to reach your goal. Indeed, the more suitable plan you make, the more effective work you done. Accordingly, you should have long-term, short-term plan as well as weekly, monthly timetable. In addition, you also should rearrange your schedule so often that them are agreed with your aim; likewise making sure your timetable is enough flexible for you to not put off your work. In conclusion, these above â€Å"how to be a good student' advices only work when you want.

The Lucky Six essays

The Lucky Six essays When war broke out, there was no way the world could possibly know the severity of this guerre. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. America's Involvement in World War two not only contributed in the eventual downfall of the Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but also came at the precise time and moment. Had the United States entered the war any earlier the consequences might have been worse. There is only one way you can see the harshness and pain of the war, through the eyes of a solider, a frogman. Robert Roger Baird was born in Sanger, California on November 4, 1921. Growing up in Sanger was just like any other town in the country. It was a hard life and you just had to get use to it. Every day was typically the same back during the great depression. Every morning it was the same old sun and the same old day. Wake up, help with the chores, go to school and come home and play. Back then you couldnt watch TV or go on the computer. You had to use your imagination and you had to invent your own fun. Some of the best times Mr. Baird had were out playing football out in the hay fields until the sun went down. Once a week on Saturday, the whole family would go into town and the parents would shop, while the children went to the movies for 5 cents. This is what it was like during the depression, nothing like what it is now, maybe sometimes we should be more like it was back then. Mr. Baird graduated from Sanger High School in 1939. After high school, he went on to further his education at Reedley College, later graduated in 1942. He as not satisfied with his education so he later went on to the University of Nevada Reno, where he wanted to go into Civil Engineering. To make college less expensive, he stayed in Minden, Nevada to get his residency. He worked at a large cattle and sheep ranch while he waited to go to college. During this time the draft had just started....

The Sagebrush Rebellion

The Sagebrush Rebellion Since the 1970's, ranchers throughout the west, and particularly in Nevada, have been fighting the federal government over land rights. The rebels have been trying to transfer control of the land to state and local authorities. The federal government claims ownership of a large portion of the land, asserting that the land was ceded to it via a treaty. The rebels claim that the federal government does not recognize local and state law regarding the land. Primarily, the rebels are seeking more grazing rights. Limits on grazing, rebels say, are hurting business, but environmentalists and the federal government believe that overgrazing is harmful to the environment. The federal government is retaining control of the land, and requiring that ranchers obtain permits for grazing, pay grazing fees, and adhere to restrictions on when and where cattle can graze.Grazing permits come with "annual unit months," or AUMs, which are each equal to one cow and one calf grazing on public land for one m onth (Cox, 2002).Snow covered cliffs of Snake River Canyon, Idaho, ...Influenced by such factors as beef prices, the cost of a single AUM can vary from year to year (Cox, 2002). In 2001, Nevada's ranchers paid more that 1.6 million dollars in grazing fees. The federal government, however, only kept 37 ‚Â ½ percent in the federal treasury. 12 ‚Â ½ percent went to range committees, and half went to range improvements (Cox, 2002).Bob Abbey, Nevada State BLM director, once stated, "I do not consider those people trespassing on public land to be ranchers. We have 700 authorized to graze on public lands. With one or two exceptions, they work closely with us. These people are paying their fees and complying with the grazing system" (Cox, 2002). In September of 2002, the BLM impounded 227 cattle that were grazing on seriously degraded rangeland, and soon after...

Profile of John E. DuPont

Profile of John E. DuPont John E. du Pont was a sports wannabe who inherited millions and bought status into the sporting world that his own physical capabilities could have never achieved. Olympic champion David Schultz, in need of financial sponsoring, lived at du Ponts wrestling camp, a decision that ultimately cost him his life. DuPonts Fortune John E. du Pont, great-grandson of E.I. du Pont, is the heir to the du Pont fortune that was worth over $200 million. After the death of his mother in August 1988, he turned his 800-acre estate in Delaware County, Pennsylvania into a wrestling camp for professional wrestlers. du Pont was also the main benefactor of amateur wrestling in the United States during that time. Paranoid Visions People who spent time around du Pont described his behavior as bizarre. Throughout the years he changed from being odd to increasingly unstable. du Pont was hallucinating that the trees on his property were moving around. He also razor wired his attic because he thought people were going to break in and kill him. His ex-wife complained that during their short marriage from 1982 to 1985, du Pont accused her of being a spy and pointed guns to her head. David Schultz David Schultz was an Olympic champion wrestler who was living on the du Pont property. On January 6, 1996, John du Pont shot several bullets into Schultz, killing him. Reasons for his actions are still unknown. The Stand Off After du Pont killed Schultz he barricaded himself inside his massive mansion. Police negotiated with the 56-year-old du Pont for two days. On the second day, the temperature was extremely cold so the police disabled the homes heating. du Pont exited his home to investigate what was wrong with his heater and the police were able to overcome him and take him into custody, charging him with murder. DuPonts Trial During du Ponts trial, it was determined that he was mentally ill. He was found guilty of third-degree murder and sentenced to up to 30 years in prison or a mental institution; whichever best fits his mental state until he completes his sentence. He was also required to reimburse Delaware $742,107 for trial costs. Personal Information: Born - 1938Birthplace - FranceGender - MaleReligion - UnknownEthnicity - White Criminal Record: 1988 - Sexual Harassment - Lawsuit filed by Andre Metzger.Feb. 26, 1997 - Assault - Pointing his gun at a security consultant.Feb. 26, 1997 - Murder - Shot and killed Olympic wrestler David Schultz.

Organism Physiology Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organism Physiology Paper - Essay Example There is an oral sucker around the mouth region and a ventral sucker which is present in the middle of the body and is used for adhering to the host organisms. There is no definitive body cavity and the organs are present embedded in a matrix composed of connective tissue. Somatic muscles pass through the tissue and attach to the outer tegument. The alimentary canal along with a muscular pharynx and esophagus is well-developed in flukes. The intestine is a branched tubular organ which may contain secondary and tertiary branches. The main branch however, leads to the excretory vesicle which also collects the two lateral collecting ducts of the excretory system. In the process of digestion food enters the sac-like gut from the mouth and gets digested. The undigested food then comes out from the mouth as the excretory system is not very specialized. As most trematodes are hermaphrodites with the exception of the blood flukes, they carry the male and female reproductive organs in the sam e body. The male organ is composed of two testes along with accessory glands and ducts that leads to the cirrus, which is equivalent to the penis. The penis then enters the common genital tract. The female reproductive organ contains a single ovary with a seminal receptacle and yolk glands which connect to the oviduct and later expands into the oocyte. The female uterus extends from the oocyte and enters the common genital tract. The fertilization is through self or cross-fertilization. The eggs of the female assemble in the oocyte and then pass through the uterus via the genital tract into the genital pores where fertilization occurs. In the case of the blood flukes, the general body structure remains and the male and female remain in close association within the fold of the tegument on the ventral surface of the male (Castro, 1996). The characteristic flat shape of the flukes is the physiological response of the organism with regard to

Healthcare Business & Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Business & Financing - Essay Example Various empirical studies that have done over the past by the researchers to prove that there is a relationship between social, economic status and heath results. For example, a group of researchers of Internal medicine carried out research to determine whether there is a correlation between socioeconomic status and results for patients with a heart attack. The research discovered that poor patients who have been with a heart attack perform worse as compared to patients from the rich families. The argument may be by the fact that the poorest patient tend to undergo via extreme stress because they cannot meet their medical expenses as compared to the rich patients. Further, the study discovered those poor patients diagnosed with a heart attack were found to die early as compared to the rich. The reason for early death is due to the social, economic status. It was observed that patients from power social and economic background could not afford quality health care due to their low inco mes. In addition, patients from the poor background are unable to adapt/change their lifestyle as compared to the rich. The discussion indicates that there is a relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes (Alter et al., 2006). In America, health care is a privilege but not a right. Americans believe in conservatism; every individual should be able to cater for their needs including health care. The federal government has a role of empowering its citizens so that they can take care of their needs. The US constitution does not provide health care as a right. The Americans have been paying their medical bills without relying for the government to pay their medical bills. It is imperative to note that there is various reimbursement methods in healthcare system used to pay medical bills and include; billed, historical, specific service charge, bundle charge and capitulated reimbursement

Composing self Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Composing self - Research Paper Example The Peace Corps is a volunteer program that facilitates cultural exchange and understanding and provides technical assistance and support to Americans and people from other countries. The Peace Corps is a ubiquitous aspect of American culture, having been founded 54 years ago by President John F. Kennedy, following the enactment of the Peace Corps Act (Pub.L. 87–293) (Brown, 2014). The group’s role revolves around social and economic progress, making it an intrinsic part American society. Since its establishment, the program, through its chapters in different cities and states, has played a vital role in bridging the socio-economic and cultural gap between the United States and other countries. It frequently collaborates with other government departments (e.g., healthcare and homeland security) to provide support when necessary (Rogers & Haggerty, 2013). For example, during the September 11th terrorist attacks, members of the New York group made a significant contributi on to search and rescue, firefighting, counseling, public safety and policing, and public awareness efforts. Currently, the group influences community mobilization, healthcare development and provision, and emergency relief efforts in the United States and other countries. In summary, the group has socially existed for decades; it is recognized by many Americans, non-Americans (Watkins, 2012). As socio-cultural and economic challenges become more prevalent in and outside the United States, the Peace Corps become more socially relevant. This is evident in the number of initiatives that its members are increasingly required to support (Rogers & Haggerty, 2013). In developing countries, the group has been instrumental in nurturing good relations between the United States and other nations and improving the lives of millions of people. Members must be American citizens and, in most cases, college graduates with knowledge, skills, and experience in different disciplines. All

Palestinian Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Palestinian Conflict - Essay Example The reason attributed towards such behavior has been the 'glorification of raw power, blind subservience to authority, and a frightening hatred of others' (Juetten, 2004). Ethnocentrism was mainly responsible towards the political failure of the Middle East region, and the human rights atrocities committed by the extremist forces of Israel and Palestine aggravated the situation. The terminology of a nation was well-defined, and the ethnocentrism affiliated with the Palestinian population in particular, and the people of Middle East, in general, we're focused and highlighted. Said is considered to be the 'major force in the emerging discourse on the post-colonial', and the principles of the states were rephrased. It was observed that Said reflected a conviction towards 'literary criticism' (Juetten, 2004), and integrated the historical and social circumstances for the characterization in constructive and evident manner, to avoid assertion. The concept of ethnocentrism was carried soon after Said was exiled, and it is believed that the exile was an opportunity for Edward to 'overcoming narrow-mindedness and taking an outside view on the familiar while, at the same time, never being an end in itself and rather always connected with a desire for the return and normalization of the affairs' (Juetten, 2004). The common understanding between the analysts of the Middle East affairs and the critics of Edward Said is that he reflected he dwelled in the pluralistic world, and therefore reflected 'ethical cosmopolitanism, which takes common humanity as its goal'. Said insisted and rephrased that the development of universalism and state governing principles are based on 'continual taking of another's place' (Juetten, 2004), and refuted the concept which linked the development of the universalism with the abstraction. Edward Said was previously considered to be an outstanding Palestinian academic, who emerged as 'Palestinians' most famous and revered spokesman' (Juetten, 20 04). The analysts are of the opinion that the Palestinian situation deeply influenced his 'intellectual capabilities', and then this is to be considered as the core of the 'idea of dispossession', where the direct reference is being towards the 'actual dispossession of Palestinians or the intellectual dispossession of the colonized', where the grieved party was subjected to severe conditions and were traumatized, and their agenda was ignored, which was finally presented through 'prism of oriental-ism' (Juetten, 2004). Said is considered to be the spokesman for the Palestinian Diaspora, but after 1992 his affiliation towards the occupied territories and East Jerusalem was more concentrated, and therefore he introduced different proposals for the settlement of the issuers, but the proposals were not centered on pivotal stand, rather the motive of the proposal with reference to the solution of the affairs of the disputed state was to achieve peace through reconciliation, and sacrificia l spirit rather than geographic and demographic repositioning.

International human resource and organizational behavior Coursework

International human resource and organizational behavior - Coursework Example Organizations should consider the complexity of HR when they form business mergers or alliance and decide to extend their operations globally (Briscoe, Schuler and Tarique 2012, p. 67). Amazon.com is among the leading Internet retailers along with Google, eBay, and Yahoo. Jeff Bezos, the CEO, started the company in 1994 by selling books and other products online. However, Amazon was officially launched in 1995 marking the birth of e-commerce practice in the retail industry. In the late 1990’s there was a boom in the â€Å"dot.com† industry and Amazon helped to grow the so-called online retailing or â€Å"e-tailing.† By then, Jeff Bezos was recruiting workers through a series of interviews other than hiring employees whom he believed that they would not sustain the fast growing e-tailing business. He recruited many employees who worked in the warehouses and offices that resembled the garage workplace, which was the original working place for Amazon. By 2000, amazon had moved its operations to other countries such as United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Italy and others (Chakrabarti and Scholnik 2002, p. 90). In 2000, many companies in the e-tailing industry such as Barnes & Noble, eBay, Wal-Mart and Borders indicated huge losses due to decreasing prices of commodities sold online. The 1999 financial crisis lead to a huge fall in the stock value owned by Amazon. The Amazon stock lost value by forty per cent in January 2000. The fall of 2001 was associated with a loss of $1.411 billion, which resulted in the dismissal of around 1,300 workers. Due to the change, Bezos set aside stock enough compensate the laid off workers. It is evident that Amazon.com had frozen its operations in international shipping. The booming e-tailing business had crashed with most of the company’s activities being terminated. For example, the

Palestinian Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Palestinian Conflict - Essay Example The reason attributed towards such behavior has been the 'glorification of raw power, blind subservience to authority, and a frightening hatred of others' (Juetten, 2004). Ethnocentrism was mainly responsible towards the political failure of the Middle East region, and the human rights atrocities committed by the extremist forces of Israel and Palestine aggravated the situation. The terminology of a nation was well-defined, and the ethnocentrism affiliated with the Palestinian population in particular, and the people of Middle East, in general, we're focused and highlighted. Said is considered to be the 'major force in the emerging discourse on the post-colonial', and the principles of the states were rephrased. It was observed that Said reflected a conviction towards 'literary criticism' (Juetten, 2004), and integrated the historical and social circumstances for the characterization in constructive and evident manner, to avoid assertion. The concept of ethnocentrism was carried soon after Said was exiled, and it is believed that the exile was an opportunity for Edward to 'overcoming narrow-mindedness and taking an outside view on the familiar while, at the same time, never being an end in itself and rather always connected with a desire for the return and normalization of the affairs' (Juetten, 2004). The common understanding between the analysts of the Middle East affairs and the critics of Edward Said is that he reflected he dwelled in the pluralistic world, and therefore reflected 'ethical cosmopolitanism, which takes common humanity as its goal'. Said insisted and rephrased that the development of universalism and state governing principles are based on 'continual taking of another's place' (Juetten, 2004), and refuted the concept which linked the development of the universalism with the abstraction. Edward Said was previously considered to be an outstanding Palestinian academic, who emerged as 'Palestinians' most famous and revered spokesman' (Juetten, 20 04). The analysts are of the opinion that the Palestinian situation deeply influenced his 'intellectual capabilities', and then this is to be considered as the core of the 'idea of dispossession', where the direct reference is being towards the 'actual dispossession of Palestinians or the intellectual dispossession of the colonized', where the grieved party was subjected to severe conditions and were traumatized, and their agenda was ignored, which was finally presented through 'prism of oriental-ism' (Juetten, 2004). Said is considered to be the spokesman for the Palestinian Diaspora, but after 1992 his affiliation towards the occupied territories and East Jerusalem was more concentrated, and therefore he introduced different proposals for the settlement of the issuers, but the proposals were not centered on pivotal stand, rather the motive of the proposal with reference to the solution of the affairs of the disputed state was to achieve peace through reconciliation, and sacrificia l spirit rather than geographic and demographic repositioning.

My Ideal Government System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

My Ideal Government System - Essay Example For example, monarchy system will lessen quarrels of its people since there is only one person ruling such as a king. There will be an ideal government system if people can just forget the disadvantages of each system. My ideal system will be the making of a system that does not have rebellion, conflict, crime, corruption and discrimination. By only then it can be called the ideal government system. An ideal government system ensures that the aspects of discrimination conflicts discrimination rebellion and crime are absent (Behrouzi 10). In discrimination, the people face prejudice due to their gender, race, or sexual orientation. An ideal government looks into these issues, and makes sure that every citizen lives a comfortable life (Behrouzi 12). An ideal government should be a democratic government that respects the ideas of citizens. All citizens regardless of race or gender should be allowed to participate in matters that concern the government. For example, the regime that allows voters to elect leaders without the presence of election anomalies is an ideal regime. Looking into the platforms of Obama and Romney; it is evident that Obama supports gay marriages thus; the government that Obama intended to form does not discriminate the gay community (Behrouzi 15). The platform respects abortion rights. The platform is in line with the Supreme Court ruling that declared abortion as a legal right. In contrast, the Romney platform abhors gay marriages. This is evident as the party platform gives the rights to states plus the federal government to decline same sex marriages. Romney’s platform supports constitutional changes that would refer the aspect of marriage as unification between a man and woman. The aspects found in Romney’s platform cannot lead to an ideal regime (Becker and Michael 23). This is because the platform discriminates gays plus lesbians and fails to respect the decision of a woman concerning abortion. Obama’s

Dilema at Day-Pro Essay Example for Free

Dilema at Day-Pro Essay The crossover point is the rate at which the NPV of the two projects are equal. NPV has a direct relationship between NPV and Economic Value Added. The NPV shows how the shareholders’ wealth would be increased if the project is accepted. The goal of the company is to increase shareholders’ wealth, thus NPV shows the better way in choosing the right decision to achieve their goal. NPV method implicitly assumes that the rate at which cash flows can be reinvested is the cost of capital, whereas the IRR method assumes that the firm can reinvest at the IRR. NPV method is better because it selects the project that adds the most to shareholder wealth. Tim can show that the MIRR is the more realistic measure to use in the case of mutually exclusive contracts by explaining that by using MIRR, they can avoid the multiple IRR problems and at the same time explain that since reinvestment at the cost of capital is generally more correct, the MIRR  which assumes that CFs from all projects are reinvested at the cost of capital rather than on the project’s own IRR (in the case of IRR), is a better indicator of a project’s true profitability. Tim could also state that with the use of MIRR, the company can avoid some conflicts encountered when comparing NPV with IRR. With the use of MIRR, they can minimize the conflict between the two, just like when the two projects being compared have equal size and same life, both NPV and MIRR leads to the same decision. The company can also arrive at the same decision when the two projects being compared have equal size and different life. Using Profitability Index can help in deciding which project to choose because it gives the ratio which allows us to measure the proportion of money returned to money invested. Thus by profitability index, it allows us to compare investment opportunities that requires us different initial investments. The higher profitability index will be chosen because it gives higher possible return in the amount that is to be invested. In short, in the dilemma of Day-pro, Synthetic Resin must be chosen because it gives a higher return in spite of the high initial investment. However, in using this method, the analyst will ignore many factors, such as risk, cost of capital, and liquidity of the project. Thus, the company must consider or decide first on what factor they will base their decision in choosing a project. Being more conservative in revenue projection will give us an idea that the project is less liquid because they projected a longer period of time before the company can earn back the invested amount. Moreover, it also indicates that they considered the possible risks that may occur in the project along the way. The chance of overestimation and underestimation of the project is less possible that make it more realistic. Thus, the Synthetic Resin project is more reliable and accurate. Knowing that the synthetic resin would require extensive and longer time before it could be implemented, it will cause doubt on the part of the Board to choose this  project because it only says that Synthetic Resin project is less liquid compared to epoxy resin and the company will be tied longer to this project before it can regain the invested capital. However, looking at the other side of the coin, synthetic resin gives a higher return in spite of its flaws and its risks. On the other hand, Epoxy Resin seems to be more liquid and less risky and the return of this project is less compared to the Synthetic Resin. As a result, the board might be more attracted to Epoxy Resin. Still, the decision of the board depends on what they give importance or emphasis in choosing a project. And since the Board has a strong preference in using rates or return as its criteria, we would recommend to the Board to choose Synthetic Resin.

Wheelchair Interfaces for Paralyzed Persons

Wheelchair Interfaces for Paralyzed Persons New method suggest some improvements regarding muscles to drive a wheelchair. People with disabilities such as Parkinsons disease, multiple sclerosis or tetraplegia experience problems while using traditional wheelchair-integrated joystick due to deformities of their limbs, amputees, tremor or because the are paralyzed below the neck. For them, different methods to use wheelchair have been invented. Among them, the most popular are voice command, brain command, eye tracking, face tracking and tongue tracking. In this project, the main emphasis is put on interfaces based on eye-tracking, head gestures and users habits. The eye methods are effective, but distracts patients view. The physiological background of Electro-Oculography is well understood among different eye movement research methods. Therefore, the report regarding this project is chosen to be described. voice command is too sensitive for the background noise, but has works quite fast. Tongue tracking is inconvenient, but less than eye tracking. Face tracking is sensitive for skin color, but quite efficient. Brain command is very successful, but difficult to adjust. 2.1. Eye-computer interfaces The authors of [1] present an electrooculography (EOG) based wheelchair interface. Beyond simple path guiding, this device has three other features: path re-routing, obstacle sensing and avoidance, and tilt detection. It is also worth nothing that the microcontroller is used in the wheelchair system instead of a laptop computer. Electrooculography is a bio-medical technique used for eye movements observations. It measures the resting potential of the retina. This potential comes from the fact that eye acts a dipole: it has a positive charge on the cornea (the front part of the eye) and a negative charge on the retina (the rear part of the eye). The measurements are conducted with electrodes applied onto the face skin. More important is the location of the electrodes which depends on the eye movements. If the patients gaze is in the horizontal direction, the electrodes have to be placed near the lateral canthi of both eyes. On the other hand, if eye movements are expected to vary in a vertical direction, then the electrodes have to be placed above and below the eye. Figure 2.1Electro-Oculography method It is particularly interesting that the constructors applied additional ultrasonic sensors into the wheelchair. These sensors, placed on the wheelchair body, send signal to detect obstacle and then receive the reflected wave. This back signal helps the microcontroller to choose the best path. The researchers designed the interface in that way that gaze directions like left, right, forward or back correspond with internationally understood directions like north, west, east and south. No pulse means centre. The microcontroller of so called User Instructions Processor (UIP) encodes upcoming signals in order drive to in a certain direction or to avoid collision with an obstacle. Finally, the tilt detection algorithm is realized by the gyroscope applied to Drive Control Module. It informs UIP about possible danger associated with breaking safe tilt limit, predefined for wheelchair. In this case, corrective measures is done by the user or the alert to the patients doctor/nurse is sent. 2.2. Head Gesture Recognition This method, described in [2], allows to obtain images of humans head in order to process them for certain commands. The equipment used for this application is called Gesture Cam. It is a Smart Camera which was modified with embedding a processing unit. This modification allows the device to process images at the high resolution. Moreover, due to this condition, the only mage feature that has to be processed, is the output of the camera. GestureCam is based on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) which is supposed to process data from intensive video faster in real time than a traditional Personal Computer. Firstly, the authors took the video of the user. After that, they used Viola-Jones method in order to detect users faces. Figure 2.2 Viola-Jones method used for detecting nose. Figure 2.3Viola-Jones method used for detecting eyes 2.3. Anticipative Shared Control The researchers and at the same time the authors of presented a wheelchair navigation interface which enables the user to move from one room to another into an indoor place. The control over this interface is shared between the user and the computer. Therefore, it is called Anticipative Shared Control and the system POMDP (stands for Partially Observable Markov Decision Process). The main impact of the computer is that it uses data based on human habits, visited paths, time of the day etc. On the other hand, user can decide whether he/she wants to choose particular path, suggested by the interface or change settings. The main purpose of these operations is to complete users intentions and expectations as full as possible without increasing effort while operating the wheelchair. Tha advantage of that solution is that the wheelchair can take the user for longer trip without requiring more gestures. The authors notice that using interactive interfaces like eye-tracking or Electromyography (EMG) may be tiring for the human. The proposed design of the wheelchair interface is to use make fusion of head gestures and eye-tracking and to add more functions like winking, baring teeth, raising eyebrows or In this report various wheelchair interfaces were presented. The aim of their design is to improve life of persons who suffer from diseases causing. As far as eye-tracking is considered, many papers regarding eye-tracking systems were published. Generally, the advantage of eye-tracking over voice command is that eye can send accurate visible signal, for example, by gazing in certain direction. It is worth noting that eye-tracking method, described in , is very reliable. Moreover, it is simple to use in various applications. Because of the straightforward gaze detection, it is very reliable, accurate and, based on previous research, quite economic. The use of microcontroller reduces time of complex calculations, provides enough high level of intelligence and unweights the wheelchair because of replacing a laptop computer. The head gesture interface is quite effective and economic. However, it faces different ambiance conditions (such as changes in illumination or various objects in the background) as well as users appearance (face complexion, or glasses). [1] R. T. Bankar and Dr. S. S. Salankar, Head Gesture Recognition System Using Gesture Cam, in Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, Gwalior, India, 2015. [2] P. Pinheiro, E. Cardozo and C. Pinheiro, Anticipative Shared Control for Robotic Wheelchairs Used by People with Disabilities, in IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions, Vila Real, Portugal, 2015. [3] T. R. Pingali, S. Dubey, A. Shivaprasad, A. Varshney, S. Ravishankar, G. R. Pingali, N. K. Polisetty, N. Manjunath and Dr. K. V. Padmaja, Eye-Gesture Controlled Intelligent Wheelchair using Electro-Oculography, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Melbourne, Australia, 2014.

The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand : Trigger for War :: World War I History

The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand : Trigger for War Bosnia and Herzegovina were provinces just south of Austria, which had, until 1878, been governed by the Turks. The Treaty of Berlin, in 1878, settled the disposition of lands lost by the Turks following their disastrous war with Russia. Austria was granted the power to administer the two provinces indefinitely. Many Bosnian-Serbs felt a strong nationalistic desire to have their province joined with that of their Serb brothers across the river in Serbia. Many in Serbia openly shared that desire. On October 6, 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina directly into the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The reasons were complex. Annexation would remove any hopes Turkey might have for reclaiming the provinces. Full inclusion into the empire would give Bosnians full rights and privileges. It may have been an act of will by the Austrians, just to show that they were still an active, sovereign power. Two days later, many men, some of them ranking Serbian ministers, officials, and generals, held a meeting at City Hall in Belgrade. They founded a semi-secret society, Narodna Odbrana (National Defense), which gave Pan-Slavism a focus and an organization. The purpose of the group was to recruit and train partisans for a possible war between Serbia and Austria. They also undertook anti-Austrian propaganda and organized spies and saboteurs to operate within the empire's provinces. Satellite groups were formed in Slovinia, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Istria. The Bosnian group went under the name Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia). Narodna Odbrana's work had been so effective that in 1909 a furious Austria pressured the Serbian government to put a stop to their anti-Austrian insurrection. Russia was not ready to stand fully behind Serbia should things come to a showdown, so Belgrade was grudgingly forced to comply. From then on, Narodna Odbrana concentrated on education and propaganda within Serbia, trying to fashion itself as a cultural organization. Many members formed a new, and again secret, organization to continue the terrorist actions. Ten men met on May 9, 1911 to form Ujedinjenje ili Smrt (Union or Death), also known as The Black Hand. By 1914, there were several hundred members, perhaps as many as 2500. Many members were Serbian army officers. The professed goal of the group was the creation of a Greater Serbia, by use of violence, if necessary. The Black Hand trained guerillas and saboteurs and arranged political murders. The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand : Trigger for War :: World War I History The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand : Trigger for War Bosnia and Herzegovina were provinces just south of Austria, which had, until 1878, been governed by the Turks. The Treaty of Berlin, in 1878, settled the disposition of lands lost by the Turks following their disastrous war with Russia. Austria was granted the power to administer the two provinces indefinitely. Many Bosnian-Serbs felt a strong nationalistic desire to have their province joined with that of their Serb brothers across the river in Serbia. Many in Serbia openly shared that desire. On October 6, 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina directly into the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The reasons were complex. Annexation would remove any hopes Turkey might have for reclaiming the provinces. Full inclusion into the empire would give Bosnians full rights and privileges. It may have been an act of will by the Austrians, just to show that they were still an active, sovereign power. Two days later, many men, some of them ranking Serbian ministers, officials, and generals, held a meeting at City Hall in Belgrade. They founded a semi-secret society, Narodna Odbrana (National Defense), which gave Pan-Slavism a focus and an organization. The purpose of the group was to recruit and train partisans for a possible war between Serbia and Austria. They also undertook anti-Austrian propaganda and organized spies and saboteurs to operate within the empire's provinces. Satellite groups were formed in Slovinia, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Istria. The Bosnian group went under the name Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia). Narodna Odbrana's work had been so effective that in 1909 a furious Austria pressured the Serbian government to put a stop to their anti-Austrian insurrection. Russia was not ready to stand fully behind Serbia should things come to a showdown, so Belgrade was grudgingly forced to comply. From then on, Narodna Odbrana concentrated on education and propaganda within Serbia, trying to fashion itself as a cultural organization. Many members formed a new, and again secret, organization to continue the terrorist actions. Ten men met on May 9, 1911 to form Ujedinjenje ili Smrt (Union or Death), also known as The Black Hand. By 1914, there were several hundred members, perhaps as many as 2500. Many members were Serbian army officers. The professed goal of the group was the creation of a Greater Serbia, by use of violence, if necessary. The Black Hand trained guerillas and saboteurs and arranged political murders.

Barks Computer Screens Case: a Market Analysis

Running head: BARKS COMPUTER SCREENS CASE Barks Computer Screens Case: A Market Analysis Barks Computer Screens Case: A Market Analysis A market analysis is a key component of a business plan and should be conducted every few years due to market and product changes. One important aspect is identifying the supply and demand of a product in the target market. The supply curve is a positive sloping curve because as the price increases so does the quantity of product. The demand curve is a negative sloping curve because as the price increases the demand for the product decreases (Hirschey, 2012).Changes can occur to both curves as changes in the market and economy take place. This will cause the curves to shift either to the left or the right. The supply curve is affected by changes in the economy such as an increase in the prices of material or a natural disaster that would prohibit supply of product. The demand curve is affected by changes in population income, economic outlook, govern ment spending, and real interest rates (McBride, 2008). In the Barks Computer Screens Case, Barks has hired me as a consultant and provides the results of his market analysis.He has found that the functions for supply and demand in his market are: Qd = 157 – 35P + 12. 5Pw + 0. 1Y and Qs = –120 + 75P – 30Pw + 13PL + 12R. Where: Qd = Demand, Qs = Supply, Pw = Average price of Wides, Y = Income in his market, PL = Price of labor, and R = Is the average humidity level measured in hums. I have assumed the quantities demanded and supplied are a function of price and applied the following conditions: Pw = $6. 00, Y = $1,600. 00, PL = $9. 00, and R = 25. Demand: Qd = 157 – 35P + 12. 5Pw + 0. 1Y = 157 – 35P + 12. (6) + 0. 1(1600) = 157 – 35P + 75 + 160 = 392 – 35P. Supply: Qs = –120 + 75P – 30Pw + 13PL + 12R = -120 + 75P – 30(6) + 13(9) + 12(25) = -120 +75P – 180 + 117 + 300 = 117 + 75R. The following price conditio ns were used to determine supply and demand market conditions: $1. 75, $2. 10, and $2. 70. Qd = 392 – 35P = 392 – 35(1. 75) = 392 – 61. 25 = 330. 75. The same equation was used for the other two prices to determine quantities demanded at each price. At $2. 10 the Qd is 318. 50 and at $2. 70 the Qd is 297. 50. Qs = 117 + 75P = 117 + 75(1. 5) = 117 + 131. 25 = 248. 25. The same equation was used for the other two prices to determine quantities supplied at each price. At $2. 10 the Qs is 274. 50 and at $2. 70 the Qs is 319. 50. The following graph illustrates the supply and demand curve to reflect my findings. As you can see on the above graph, Qd and Qs intersect at a point. This point is when market equilibrium is met. â€Å"Market equilibrium describes a condition of perfect balance in the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied at a given price† (Hirschey, 2012).To determine equilibrium price, I set the Qd equation equal to the Qs equation and solved for P (price): 392 – 35P = 117 + 75P, 275 – 35P = 75P, 275 = 110P, 2. 5 = P. Equilibrium price is $2. 50. To find equilibrium quantity, use P = 2. 50 in either Qd or Qs equation: 392 – 35P = 392 – 35(2. 50) = 392 – 87. 50 = 304. 50. Equilibrium quantity is 304. 50. The equilibrium price and quantity determines shortage or surplus. A surplus of product occurs when actual price is greater than the equilibrium price. A shortage of product occurs when actual price is less than the equilibrium price (McBride, 2008).Based on an equilibrium quantity of 304. 50 the only time there will not be a surplus or a shortage is when they are priced at $2. 50. When Wides are priced at $1. 75, there will be a surplus of 26. 25 screens. At $2. 10, there will be a surplus of 14. At $2. 70, there will be a shortage of 7. My recommendation is to price the Wides at $2. 50. Having a surplus builds inventory but eventually decreases market prices and product output, wherea s a shortage can increase market prices and create a push on production.At equilibrium, revenue is generated without a change in price or quantity produced (Hirschey, 2012). References Hirschey, M. (2012). Fundamentals of Managerial Economics, 9th ed. (9th ed). South Western Educational Publishing. Retrieved from http://digitalbookshelf. southuniversity. edu/books/1111439907/id/ch4 McBride, C. (2008). Supply & Demand Analysis Chron. com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/supply-demand-analysis-727. html

Comparative Study Between Ulysess and My Last Duchess Essay

Have a little read: †¦ Comparing ‘Ulysses’ by Lord Tennyson and ‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning. â€Å"Ulysses† was written by Lord Tennyson and is a poem about a mythical Greek character and is a dramatic monologue. Another poem that is a dramatic monologue is â€Å"My Last Duchess†, by Robert Browning. Both poems are similar, for example they are both structured similarly, and are both different, one difference being their subject. In this essay I will compare the two poems, focusing on form, and how language helps to build up subject matter. Ulysses is a Greek mythical character, and was famous for being a pirate, ransacking villages and being a warrior. In Greek literature, Ulysses just seemed to disappear after he got home, and Tennyson decided to write about Ulysses and his thoughts after ‘retiring’ from fighting. The poem is written in verse, and seems to be either a dramatic monologue or monologue interior. It is hard to know which one, as a dramatic monologue must have a listener (other than the audience. Ulysses is talking to someone, his dead soldiers, but as they are deceased it is difficult to decide if they count as a listener to the poem. My Last Duchess† by Robert Browning was written in the same era as â€Å"Ulysses† and is written in Verse. This poem is different to â€Å"Ulysses† as this poem is about a fictional character which is created by Browning. This is a Dramatic Monologue, as the duke (the character created by Browning) is talking to the servant of the father of a possible bride. To create the effect of speech, Browning uses Iambic Pentameter, which helps to imitate the rhythm of conversational speech, and enjambment frequently. The use of language to present the subject matter is important for both poets. In Ulysses, the poet builds up a picture of the characters inactiveness by using words such as â€Å"still†, â€Å"dull† and â€Å"pause†. These adjectives create an understanding of what life is like for Ulysses, and this is then contrasted with words of his past such as â€Å"roaming†, â€Å"ringing† and â€Å"windy†. These words create a contrast between the activeness of the past, and the stillness of the present. This helps the reader imagine what life was like for the character when he was young.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: an Ecological Interpretation

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: An Ecocritical Interpretation Lieutenant Asit Biswas Bio-Notes: Lieut. Asit Biswas is an Assistant Professor, Dept. of English, and Associate NCC Officer, Acharya B. N. Seal (Govt. ) College, Cooch Behar, W. B. ABSTRACT: Shakespeare studies in India started as early as in the early decades of the 19th century when the Indians seldom engaged in Shakespeare interpretation and so the term ‘ecocriticism’ was unheard of.What we mean by the phrase ‘Critical studies of Shakespeare’ started in India in 1917 when Hindu College (later on Presidency College and now Presidency University) was founded. Then Shakespeare began to be evaluated from an oriental point of view. Some of those interpretations may be considered ecocriticism. The same thing was done by Purna Chandra Basu (in his article â€Å"Sahitye Khoon†, D. L. Roy (in his book, Kalidas O Bhababhuti) etc. Eco-criticism as a literary movement, as Yogesh K.Tiwari and N. D. R. Chandra say, began in the 1990s. But ecocritical evaluation of Shakespeare’s plays from Indian point of view is yet to flourish well. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream one can find plethora of materials relevant not only for the students of literature but of environmental studies also. The aim of the present play is to reinterpret Shakespeare’ play A Midsummer Night’s Dream from ecocritical point of view and thereby justify the contemporaneity of the Bard.Now-a-days many in many universities in India the students have to read English and Environmental Studies as compulsory subjects, Shakespeare being a part of the former. As the students of literature they would be keen to trace out the aesthetic aspects of the dramas of Shakespeare while belonging to various disciplines they would naturally seek for the relevance of Shakespeare in the present context. So the paper is an attempt to bring out Shakespeare’s anticipation of the environmental problems a nd thereby prove Shakespeare as a topic of both literature and environmental studies.Modern environmentalism began with ‘A Fable for Tomorrow’, in Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962). Mrs. Frederick Boas edited the Cambridge collection of Tempest Essays; Richard Kerridge N. Shammells published Writing the Environment, Eco-criticism and Literature (Zed Books-1998); J. Bate & L. Coupe published The Green Studies Reader from Romanticism to Eco-Criticism (by New York, Routeledge-2000);but the most outstanding book in this field is Green Shakespeare by Gabriel Egan who says, Crossing he boundaries of literary and cultural studies to draw in politics, philosophy and ecology, this volume not only introduces one of the most lively areas of contemporary Shakespeare studies, but also  puts forward  a convincing case for Shakespeare's continuing relevance to contemporary theory. There is a significant school named as the Association for the study of Literature and Envi ronment which was started in America and now has its branches in Japan and UK. It is mainly an association of the eco-critics. The Role of Literature in Placing a Value on the Environment: As Daniel B.Botkin and Edward A. Keller say in their book Environmental Science (5th edition, Page No. 11) the value of the environment is based on the following justifications: aesthetic, creative, recreational, inspirational, moral, cultural and utilitarian (materialistic). Aesthetic justification has to do with our appreciation of beauty of nature. Many people prefer living in the world of wilderness to one without it. Rabindranath Tagore created an instance by leaving the clutter of Calcutta settling down in the lap of Nature in Santiniketan.In Shakespeare the Forest of Arden minimizes the bereavement of the Duke in As You Like It. But in the Duke’s bemoaning for the subordination of the forest we hear the voice of an ecologist. It would not be a digression to say that Tagore’s e cocentrism is again found in Siksha: Tapoban in his comment on Shakespeare’s plays. While ecology is a mother branch of science, ecocriticism is comparatively a new branch which attempts to establish a relationship between literature and the physical environment.As Greg Garrard quotes in his book Eco-criticism from Glotfelty’s book The Eco-criticism Reader: Landmark in Literary Ecology: Simply put, eco-criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and physical environment. Just as feminist criticism examines language and literature from a gender conscious perspective, and Marxist criticism brings an awareness of modes of production and economic class to its reading of texts, eco-criticism takes an earth-centred approach to literary study.Garrard also adds that eco-criticism is closely related to environmentally oriented developments in philosophy and political theory. So eco-criticism may be interpreted as the analysis of a literary text from the point of view of an ecologist. Another epoch making writing that has relevance in our interpretation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream is Simon C. Estok’s research paper titled Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of â€Å"Home† and â€Å"Power† in King Lear in which the author explains the key terms â€Å"Anthropocentrism†, â€Å"Biocentrism/ Ecocentrism† and â€Å"Ecophobia†.Agreeing with Greg Garrard, Estok says that ecocriticism is not simply the study of nature or natural things in literature; rather it is any theory that is committed to effecting change by analysing the function – thematic, artistic, social, historical, ideological, theoretical, or otherwise— the natural environment, or aspects of it, represents in documents that contribute to material practices in material world. The explanation of the term ‘ecophobia’ is also very much necessary in our revaluation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Estok thinks that â€Å"ecophobia is the fear of loss of agency and control to Nature†.This ecophobia, found in both Oberon and Titania in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, gives birth to various conflicts, both inner and outer, or, to say more explicitly, psychological and social (which includes ecological aspects also) and this sociological aspects of the play justify the contemporaneity of the bard. Some minor research works have been done on this particular topic on national and international levels. Some research papers have been published on eco-criticism in Shakespeare’s dramas in some journals; mention may be made of the one written by Dr.Subh Brat Sarkar, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, W. B. The paper already written by the present researcher and published in the Research Spectrum (August-2012 Issue) contains some hints of the Eco-criticism in Shakespeare’s plays as seen by Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore considered it to be a kind of colonialism. Accord ing to him colonialism is not only the subordination of a weaker nation by a powerful one but the subordination of nature by human beings. Tagore also probably finds the ‘ecologist Shakespeare’ as in As You Like It, The Tempest etc.According to Nirmal Selvamony, the humans have introduced a hierarchy in nature. In that the humans have placed the domesticated animals higher than the wild animals. â€Å"Even animals were ranged in hierarchic order, the domestic and the wild† (Selvamony 4). But in A Midsummer Night’s Dream the role of the dominating power is taken by the fairies and the inferior race is the human beings. The fairies have occupied the topmost position in the hierarchy of Nature and they subordinate man and they quarrel in order to decide who will ‘domesticate’ the Indian boy who is the representative of the colonized people.This kind of colonialism found in Nature may be termed ‘Ecocolonialism’ or ‘Eco-imperiali sm’. In a supernatural drama like the present one the imperialists are the fairies but in reality they are the mighty people and the colonized ones may be the flora and fauna or even linguistically, culturally, racially, socially, politically, religiously or financially weaker section of the people. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream an ecologist easily finds plenty of materials relevant not only to the students of literature but of science, especially ecology also.The human beings in the person of the Indian boy or the European lovers are merely playthings to the mighty fairies. The fairies play with the humans for their own pleasure and showing their might and not for the amusement of the humans and they do it from anthropocentric point of view. In his Master’s Degree dissertation paper, (University of South Florida) Roy Patricia points out the environmental issues in MND by referring to â€Å"Folk Medicine and the Four Fairies of A Midsummer Night’s Dream,à ¢â‚¬  by Lou Agnes Reynolds and Paul Sawyer who have recovered the fairies from evil associations by casting them as herbal doctors.The article points to the strong early modern interest in the medicinal use of plants and finds that, by the use of this imagery, Shakespeare imbues his fairy characters and their natural remedies with beneficial, medicinal properties. Reynolds and Sawyer’s points are well taken, but we can develop them even further. Not only do the four attendant fairies – Cobweb, Mustardseed, Peascod and Mote – represent fairy medicine but all the actions in the forest also act therapeutically upon the lovers. The inversion of love-roles and the dreams of the lovers depend upon Oberon’s extensive knowledge of the herbal lore of his world.As Oberon himself states: â€Å"Fare thee well, nymph [Helena]. Ere he do leave this grove / Thou shalt fly him, and he shall seek thy love. (2. 1. 245-6). In Act-1I, scene-i of from the speech of Puck we come to know that the king, Oberon is angry with the queen, Titania as she has seized away a boy from India and made him her servant. â€Å"For Oberon is passing fell and wrath, / Because she as her attendant hath / A lovely boy, stolen from an Indian king†. But the king wants to roam about the forests (Nature), along with the boy. As a result whenever they meet, they quarrel.Titania also alleges him of emptying of the venom of jealousy. She says that whenever they meet they quarrel and as a result the wind cannot sing the song of peace and is sucking the fog from the surface of the seas and the water level of the seas has been raised up; the natural system has been disrupted, resulting in untimely flood and thereby destruction of vast area of crops and extinct of a number of species. The ever smiling spring, the scorching summer, the frowning autumn and the cruel winter have changed their plight and so people cannot identify them.Titania confesses that they are responsible for this unholy variation of the cycle of seasons. The people cannot endure the change of the cycle of seasons; suffer from untimely winter and also various kinds of diseases due to the change and endangered bio-diversity. In reply to the allegation of the queen, the king urges her to correct the ecological imbalance as she has the power to remedy. The reason of their quarrel is also clear to the readers—possession of the boy kidnapped from India.Here the quarrel is between a power that has deprived the creature of his natural habitat and made him her servant and the eco-friendly power that is keen to roam about the forests, along with the innocent creature. But none is ready to provide the boy with absolute freedom and so their quarrel does not come to an end here. The king requests the queen to hand the boy over to him but she is too obstinate to nod. She frankly declares that she cannot lose her control over the boy even if she is given the whole fairy land. So Oberon deci des to use tricks.He advises Puck to extract the juice of a certain flower which would act like black magic and leave its evil influence on Titania’s eyes, if administered properly. It would also be able to invert the usual behaviour and natural instinct of a person as in the modern age we see the evil influence of narcotics especially in the third world countries. The harmful effect of the use of drugs on eco system is mainly felt in the developing countries. Again Titania, admits that their quarrel has destroyed the usual course of the natural phenomena and nature has undergone vast changes, creating ocean of troubles for human beings.In Act-1, Scene-ii (Lines 81-117) Titania, the Queen of the fairies alleges that their quarrel has destroyed the usual habits of the natural phenomena and Nature has undergone vast changes, creating ocean of troubles for human beings. It may be considered Shakespeare’s anticipation of what McKibben says in his book The End of Nature (19 90): We have changed the atmosphere, and thus we are changing the weather. By changing the weather we make every spot on earth man-made or artificial. We have deprived nature of its independence, and that is fatal to its meaning. Nature’s independence is its meaning; ithout it there is nothing but us. (McKibben 1990: 54) In this connection it may be recalled that India was a favourite commercial place to the Western countries form the time of ancient history. And for the sole possession of India several wars were for between the English and the French and others. The Indian boy in the play is symbolically a colony, an ideal place for business. Now-a-day it may be a typical Indian plant for whose patent the economic colonialists are ever fighting among themselves and in order to supersede one another destroying the eco system of the whole globe.Recently we witnessed the war between Iraq and U. S. A. Various reasons may be found out but the naked truth is that the sole reason o f the notorious war is nothing but the shameless effort of control over the petroleum mines of the Arabian countries. When the two â€Å"do square, that all their elves for fear/ Creep into acorn cups and hide them there†. The peaceful people whenever get frightened, seek refuge in nature and it may be kept in mind that the best remedy of various pollutions including noise pollution is plantation.Nature is the man’s ultimate refuge because only nature can provide the human beings with eternal pleasure, both physical and mental. Puck also confesses that he, in order to make a fun and to show his prowess, perturbs the natural habits of an object both animate and inanimate. In modern age the modern Pucks very often destroy the Nature and subordinate the creatures of Nature very often out of fun. Examples may be given of the tortured animals in the circus shows, poachers’ activities etc; moreover, we torture the animals in the zoo.Keeping bird cages is a favourite b ut cruel hobby of a kind of people even after the passage of law against it. It is not only inhuman and unlawful but harmful to bio-diversity also. Recently a television channel telecast a live show of beating thousands of innocent seals to death in Antarctica by a community as it is the annual festival of the community. The pain of the poor seals, especially the half dead ones, the fear of the eco system to be disturbed, the melting of the glaciers and thereby upheaval of the sea level cannot render them anxious of the future of the earth.In this post-Modern age MND is quite relevant and significant since we witness the ecological imbalance, extinction of a large number of species, climatic change, global warming, uprising of the sea level, earth quake, tsunami, El Nino etc. The reason behind such troubles may be, along with the others, the wars (Gulf war, the long war between Iran and Iraq and of course the two World Wars), nuclear bomb testing and above all merciless deforestatio n. Here in the speech of Titania we seem to hear the voice of an environment scientist or of an ecologist.It may be noted that the more mighty the power, the more strong a destroyer is he in this post-Modern Age. Probably Shakespeare anticipated the natural problems created by the super-human power. The Titanias now-a-days are the war-mongers greedy of absolute power, who seldom think of the future of the globe. So in this age of science and technology the revaluation of the plays of Shakespeare is very much significant. In the same Act and scene the speech of Oberon (L-176–185) is also significant.He speaks of the juice of a flower that is able to hypnotize any man or woman and make him/her fall in love with any creature seen first. But the remedy is known to Oberon only. So it may be supposed that he wants to administer the cunning trick only to destroy the natural habit of a creature and to apply his remedy and thereby to prove his power. In the post-Modern age of economic colonialism this cunning theory is felt to have come back, but with a new dimension. For example the parthenium plant has allegedly come from U. S. A. As found in an e-article (http://www. streetdirectory. om) It appears that Parthenium is not native to India, but it came with the imported wheat as a mixture, when the US sent wheat to India under PL 480 (Public Law 480 passed in 1954 to give food grains to developing countries) in 1956. However this concept was contradicted by some as not the real story because Parthenium was present in India even in 1951 itself. Some people allege that this plant causes asthma whose medicine would be made in USA and so in order to sell the medicine and to prevail over the subcontinent, the Americans sent the parthenium seeds as adulteration with wheat seeds.So the purpose is to make the Indians asthma patients and then to sell to them asthma medicine. But we should not engage ourselves in this controversy, since we are not talking of international politics but of literary criticism. Here, in the drama the role of Oberon is like that of a modern capitalist who uses his cunning method in order to prove his supremacy and thereby dominate over the comparatively weaker sections and he is doing this out of ecophobia. Ultimately Oberon, the king realizes the harmful effect of his sports and then he feels sorry and takes the responsibility and so urges his assistant to correct the mistakes.He also pacifies his quarrel with Titania, once again with the help of the same narcotics. Here we see the constructive use of the herbs. Thus the play ends with an optimistic note and indirectly upholds the banner of Nature which is the best remedy for the revival of the impaired eco system. It also opines that man cannot remain happy by subordinating nature. Now in the age of global warming the plays of Shakespeare deserve a re-reading. One may recall the peaceful atmosphere in the Forest of Arden (As You Like It) and realize that subordination of nature cannot bring us mental peace as Tagore realized.He establishes his opinion by citing examples from As You Like It, Sakuntala etc. In the concluding song Puck urges the audience to consider the play to be a dream. We may do but it would not be an overstatement to consider it to be a dream of an ecologist because in the play we see what an ecologist would think of the vast change taken place in environment due to the modern leaders of the planet. Reference 1. Arumugam, E. (2008) Principles of Environmental Ethics, Sarup Book Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi-2, India. 2. Bookchin, Murray, Anthropocentrism versus biocentrism – a false dichotomy http://climateandcapitalism. om. 3. Botkin, Daniel B. ; Keller , Edward A. , (2005), Environmental Science, John Wiley ; Sons, Inc, U. S. A. 4. Estok, Simon C. , Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of â€Å"Home† and â€Å"Power† in King Lear, http://simonestok. com. 5. Garrard, G. (2007) Ecocriticism, Routled ge, London and New York. 6. Gifford, Terry: (1999) Pastoral, Routeledge, London and New York. 7. Glotfelty, C. and Fromm, H. (ed) (1996) The Eco-criticism Reader: Landmark in Literary Ecology, University of Georgia Press, London. 8. McKibben, B. (1990), The End of Nature, Penguin, London, 9.Patricia, Roy, (2004), â€Å"Shakespeare’s Midsummer Fairies: Shadows and Shamen of the Forest†, http://scholarcommons. usf. edu/etd/1226 10. Purohit , S. S. ; Ranjan, Rajiv (2003), Ecology, Environment and Pollution, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, India. 11. Sarkar, Subh Brat, (2005), â€Å"Ecological Theatre: Performance and Ecological Issues† (in Prakashkal) Unique; Panshila, Sodepur, W. B. , India. 12. Selvamony, Nirmal, (2001): â€Å"Persons for Alternative Social Order†, Chennai, India. 13. Shakespeare, William, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, New Delhi: Oxford ; IBH Publishing Co.Pvt Ltd. , 1980. 14. Tagore, R. , (1932) The Religion of Man, George Allen and Unwin, London. 15. Thompson, Jr. , E. , (1926), Rabindranath Tagore: Poet and Dramatist, Read, p. 12, http://en. wikipedia. org. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1. Dr. Amit Bhattacharya, Associate Professor ; Head, Dept. of English, University of Gour Banga, Malda, W. B. , India. 2. UGC (India) for MRP (No: F. PHW-131/09-10 (ERO) Date: Sept. 07, 2009) 3. The Essay was published in the International Journal of Innovative Research and Development (ISSN 2278-0211), Vol-1, Issue-6 September, 2012. www. ijird. com.

Answer the following question about Adam Smith with 1-2 paragraph Essay

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Government and the public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government and the public - Essay Example This is an attempt to find out how effectively the US constitutional doctrine of keeping the public sphere and state apparatus out of the influence of a particular (often dominant) religion has succeeded. It is argued that the public sphere, state and judiciary in the US have only partially succeeded in keeping dominant religion at an arm’s length. This paper is specifically about the institutional biases that exist in the society in favor of dominant religion even as constitutionally, equality and separation of religion from the state is guaranteed. The separation of church and state has been a subject of interest for many social observers and authors. Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) have given a nearly comprehensive account of this conflict in their book titled, Religion and Politics in the United States. The book in its first chapter itself, has articulated that â€Å"religion remains an important political factor in the United States† (Wald and Calhoun-Brown, 2014, p.1). Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) further in chapter 4 of their book have given a nuanced account of how tricky the business of dealing with religion can be for state. The different ways of defining the possible conflict areas between church and state, namely, the â€Å"†boundary† problem†, â€Å"†the wall of separation† between church and state† and â€Å"the â€Å"free exercise† controversy† (Wald and Calhoun-Brown, 2014) point towards the grey areas that exist. By citing examples and history of the Unit ed States of America as coming of age as an organized state, Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) in this chapter have revealed how the growing democratic and equality based principles of state molded the secular nature of the same. They (Wald and Calhoun-Brown, 2014) also have demonstrated how state as a political entity needed to distance itself from religion so that a coherent nation could come to being. What Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) have concluded in this chapter is that