Moral Development Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moral Development Theory - Essay Example hn’s attack attracted a lot of media attention and Ronald, who was in charge of the warders welfare, ordered a raid in the prison cells in search of weapons and in the process some of the inmates were badly injured and some succumbed to their injuries. This move was applauded by most people as they believed this would make criminals learn to behave well and respect the prison warders. Kohlberg’s first stage of moral thought is obedience and punishment orientation, where a set of rules handed over by the authority should be obeyed unquestionably and failure to obey leads to punishment. This reasoning is evident in how Mary kept quiet for a prolonged period, while John took advantage of her for fear of the consequences. As an inmate, Mary was expected to obey the prison warder. In the second stage of thought, that is individualism and exchange, Mary may have put up with John’s abuse hoping that he will either put in a good word for her, which may facilitate state pardon or favor her in some way hoping her life would be bearable in prison. Stage three of moral thought is good interpersonal relationship; this is where one lives to the expectations of the family and community. Ronald who was in charge of the warders, on hearing the news that an inmate, had assaulted one of the warders even without trying to find out why, he opted to raid the prison cells in search of weapons in order to fulfill the expectations of the community. His action showed true concern for the prison warders who were at risk of being attacked by the inmates. Stage four of moral development, deals more with the social order (Crain, 1985). This has to do with the societal perspective or societal expectations. This is revealed when Ronald became brutal with the inmates in order to protect his image and that of the other prison warders; as he was expected to do by the society. The fifth stage of moral reasoning is about social contracts and individual rights. This reasoning is where

Macroeconomic Theory and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomic Theory and Policy - Essay Example The neoclassical economies aim at creating long term solutions for the economic problems with effects of inflation and government regulation being critical, while for Keynesian economies, immediate results form a major platform where the policies focus on short term goals(Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89). This was a system that established rules for financial and commercial relations in mid 20th century among the major industrial states worldwide. This led to establishment of International Bank of Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund. The major features of the Bretton Woods System were obligation of every country to establish a monetary policy which maintained an exchange rate of its currency to US dollar as well as ability of IMF in bridging the temporary payment imbalances in terms of gold (Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89). Stagflation in economics describes the situation when the rate of inflation is high leading to slow rates of economic growth and high rates of unemployment. This results when economy is stagnant increasing the rates of inflation. The situation raises economic policy dilemma as a result of exacerbation of unemployment by decreasing the rates of inflation. In version of the Keynesian macroeconomic theory dominant during the late 1970s and at the end of World War II, recession and inflation were regarded to be mutually exclusive with relationship between them described by Phillips curve. Kaldor proposed an international buffer stocks system meant to raise the prices for commodities after they become too low in order to help the developing incomes from producing and developing nations after the prices raise too high (Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89). European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) was introduced in 1979 in UK by European Community with the aim of reducing the variability and achieving monetary stability in preparation for the Economic and Monetary Union. UK joined ERM with the aim of improving its stability in

Natural food and drink industry Essay Example for Free

Natural food and drink industry Essay Executive Summary The all natural food and drink industry is relatively new, it has emerged as part of the clean label trend and is seen as an alternative to the organic products or products labeled as â€Å"free-from†. The global all natural food and drink market has shown a steady growth during the last few years and is expected to grow due to rising demands for healthy, nutritional, natural foods and drinks without chemicals and artificial ingredients. Growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 35% annually, Indian non-carbonated drink market is likely to touch Rs. 54,000 crore by 2015 from the current level of Rs. 22,000 crore including fruit drinks, nectars and juices etc. Our company J-GAPS started in 2014 thereby tapping this potential in the Indian market had come up with a natural flavored drink segment in terms of coconut water with Kewra and Mint with the product named SIPCO in order to revive freshness. This could be seen as great opportunity in Maharashtra near the Konkan region where the natural source of tender coconut could be fully utilized to provide healthy natural beverage to people. The financial assistance is catered by coconut development board in terms of 50% cost of production. The vision of our company is to provide a natural drink to the consumer so as to improve their health in a fast paced lifestyle. Identifying the gap in this market through market analysis especially in terms of coconut water wherein there are hardly tetra packs available in order to make it convenient for people to have the nutritional drink without carrying the hard husk. The main drivers of introducing such a natural beverage includes rising consumer concerns regarding artificial ingredients, artificially introduced hormones and genetically modified products, and their awareness of the long term health benefits of natural food and good nutrition thereby having a lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS). We therefore see ahead a great potential in this market as GEN – Y would be the most prominent segment to be tapped in order to sustain in the market and thereby expand our presence in India. 1. Current Marketing Situation 1.1 Industry overview The Indian packaged tender coconut water is still an industry in its development phase. There exist a very few players in this market. J-GAPS  aims to position its product in the general market where exist players like Pepsi, Coca cola, Parle agro foods etc. who are major players in the soft drink segment. The emerging trend among consumers to go for healthy and natural food products will drive this industry. Coconut water is a fruit juice with many unique features and a major one is a low calorie content .This makes it a very attractive prospect for weight management positioned juices. 1.2 Company description J-GAPS will primarily engage in extracting, processing and adding flavors to tender coconut water which is then ready to be delivered to stores. It is a privately held firm will be located in Ratnagiri in the state of Maharashtra .We have identified a location which is closer to the coconut farms. J-GAPS sources the tender coconut for its requirements from its own farms and also additionally from other farmers directly. Our processing unit has a capacity of processing liters water annually. 1.3 Market analysis- Tender flavored coconut water is recommended for people of all ages. With the consumers turning health conscious and preferring natural products, we believe that our product has a strong market both in domestic circles and in countries abroad. Our main target customer is the young generations who have a fancy for energy drinks. We also target sport persons with our special energy pack. We want to make our drink available for homes, offices, hospitals, sports persons, marriages, other occasions, hotels and restaurants. The recent studies showing the impact of aerated drinks on health has turned customer to ignore such artificially produced drinks and go for natural food drinks. The rising population will require larger amount of food drinks. Our product will be a natural thirst quencher with added flavor of Kewra essence in it which will be beneficial during the long summer months. 1.4 Major Segmentation Approach 1.5 PESTLE Analysis The Pestle Analysis identifies the political, economic, social, technological, legal and ecological influences on an organization. Political factors Various political factors affect the fruit juice industry. With the change of government the policies regulating the industry might change. As the taxation policy keeps changing, it has a significant effect on fruit juice industry. The government plans of encouraging foreign direct investments would affect our industry highly as organized fruit juice industry has only 3 % share as of now in the market but with FDIs it could increase significantly by coming of bigger players. Economic factors Our company would rely on trucks to move our raw materials to the processing plant and distribute our finished product so, fuel is also an important subject, so the company is subject to the fuel price fluctuation, and to possible fuel crisis. Since, ours is an agro based industry so we would be exposed to the risks of high prices due to crop failure, non-availability of raw material because of pest attack etc. Other economic factors affecting fruit juice industry are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. Factors like money supply, energy availability and cost, business cycles, etc. would also affect our company. Socio-cultural factors We are more than a billion strong nations and the youngest country as well. We are also home to the great Indian middle class. The major growth drivers in fruit juice market are increase in health consciousness among consumers, increase in disposable incomes and more sophisticated cocktail culture. There is more money circulating in the economy. With life becoming more hectic and tiring, consumer preferences are witnessing a visible shift towards healthy foods. Even the younger generation has started shifting from fizz to fresh and healthy. As people are becoming more and more educated, they are taking the healthy route. Technological factors Fruit juices have become big business throughout much of the developed and developing world with the increasing health conscious proportion of population. In this ever growing industry technology plays a major role in maintaining the quality and cost efficiency to generate higher profits.  Better technology can increase the shelf life of our product. Technology refers to both production process as well as machinery. Legal factors Processed fruit juices are regulated under the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations as a food product and the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act. The Food and Drugs Act creates identity standards, provides a basis for labelling requirements and establishes the safety parameters for soft drinks. As food safety requirements become more advanced across the beverage industry, tracking and traceability capabilities are a prerequisite. Ecological factors One environmental issue that food processing companies face is waste remaining from packaging. However, the problem often lies in feasibility of collection, separation and purification of the consumers’ disposed bottles or drinks packets. Environmental issues have gained importance because of regulatory requirements. It is not possible to sell a new packaging material without covering all the environmental issues. The reduction of materials in packing cartons can potentially provide both financial and environmental benefits. . We propose to provide our product in tetra packs so that lesser damage is done to the environment in comparison to PET bottles. 2. Product review 2.1 Product features In India coconut water has always been considered as a health drink to refresh the body due to its nutritional value. Tender Coconut Water is considered the healthiest best sports drink in the world, because it contains vitamins. It is very refreshing and rich in sugar, electrolytes and minerals – available in the natural form in most sterile conditions. It is a natural isotonic drink where the electrolyte levels are similar to those found in the human body. The water of fresh green coconuts is actually fat free. Our company keeping this factor in mind has come up with two natural flavored drink containing 1. Kewra essence which has a floral fragrance thereby providing a cooling effect in the drink. 2. Mint flavor to provide freshness and energizing flavor to the drink Chota Anna would have two variants in terms of Kewra drink and Mint drink. Kewra drink Mint drink Coconut water Coconut water Kewra essence Mint sugar honey Farm Fresh Tender Coconut are selected (50% capacity extracted) and the rest purchased from the Ratnagiri Association Coconut supplier and Natural Tender Coconut Water is squeezed out, untouched by hand and put through a special process in order to add the natural flavors of Kewra essence and Mint. The product is packed in food-grade Bottles/ Cans, which keeps it fresh for 9/18 months. The taste is natural and hence good.

Hip Hop and Rap Music Essay -- Music Research Paper Rap Hip Hop Essays

Hip Hop and Rap Music Introduction Every so often a new style of music emerges that takes America by storm and comes to represent the generation that grows up with it. In the 50's it was rock'n'roll, followed by the Motown sound of the 60's. The 1970's brought folk music and disco, and in the 80's it was rap. Perhaps no other form of music has crossed as many boundaries and become a bridge between America's many cultures as rap has. Let's face it, if you listen to any current or some old rap/hip hop CDs in America there is always an intro which paves the way for the rest of the songs and gives you a taste of what the CD is going to be like. I am going to try to do that here, just like any rap CD. Although some might not know it, there is a difference between rap and hip-hop. Rap got started first and eventually hip-hop branched off of it. Rap music is more rhyming with more vulgar words with more raw beats, some examples of rap could be Dr. Dre, Tupac, Notorious B.I.G., Mobb Deep, Ice Cube, DMX, Wu-Tang Clan, Eminem, and Nas. Hip-Hop is more popular with not as much vulgarity and more up beat dance beats, some examples of hip-hop could be Nelly, Ja Rule, Outkast, P Diddy, Jay-Z, Busta Rhymes, and Ludacris. Hip-hop is a term that is defined as the backing music for rapping, which is composed of a collage of excerpts or "samples from other songs" (Glaser). The culture of rap is commonly made up of graffiti spraying, break dancing, and turntables. Hip-hop and Rap represent the culture of African Americans and Caribbean history, identity, and community. Rap evolved from African people in general and blacks born in the U.S. in particular. The origins of rap can be traced to West Africa where tribesmen held "men of words" in high... ...ir clothing lines http://www.etonline.com/celebrity/a2256.htm From the Ghetto †¦.. To the Runway http://rap.about.com/library/weekly/aa052501a.htm Hip Hop Meets Fashion http://www.citypaper.net/articles/111199/ae.pik.hiphop.shtml TMD 402G The Future of Fashion http://www.uri.edu/hss/tmd/tmd402G/sem.sum/subculturey.htm Urban Clothing Changes from East to West http://urbanclothing.netfirms.com/snoop_dogg_clothing.htm Teachout, Terry, National Review, Bad Rap February 22, 1999, Vol. 51, issue 3 Speerse Chris, Hip-Hop: Its Roots and Its Future March 30 2003, www.geop.itu.edu.tr/~onur/hiphop/rap_hh.html Hooks, Bell. 1993.Seduced By Violence no More In Transforming a rape culture Minnedapolis: Milkweed Editions American Academy of pediatrics, Impact of Music Lyrics and Music Videos on Children and Youth. April 1, 2003. www.aap.org/policy/01219.html

American Democracy Essay

Democracy had its origin in Rome, primeval Greece and both South and North America and has gained roots nearly all over the entire world and states become efficient and effective in there responsibilities if they utilize this concept. I will therefore discuss in this paper the aspect of democracy in America and the types of democracy that is direct and indirect types and point out the one used in this country particularly in California State. I will also proceed to highlight both democratic and undemocratic issues in America. Definition of democracy Democracy is simply defined as government by the people for the people. Essentially it illustrates small units of interrelated structures of administration. Research indicates that the primary characteristics of democracy comprise of administrations founded on popular rule, open and just elections, safeguarding political/opinionated minorities, high opinion of fundamental human privileges/rights, and impartiality before rule of law, and opinionated pluralism. (Anthony, 1957) Direct Democracy This is the practice of democracy which provides an opportunity to the citizens of a particular country to be involved in decision making process directly without depending on legislative bodies who act as there representatives. Many scholars argue that this kind of democracy is a feeble structure commonly practiced by comparatively small societies. This type of democracy is not only about the issue of voting but also includes referendum. According to the research I conducted, California state practices this direct democracy as witnessed through the making of decisions using referendum style, for example in the year 1998 the citizens of California who numbered twenty million engaged in referendum. (Markoff, 1996) Indirect democracy Unlike direct democracy representatives or intermediaries of the citizens of a state or nation play a key role in decision making process. These intermediaries are usually elected by the citizens and they have the duty to protect the interest of the electorate because they have the mandate to do so. This kind of democracy has led to the practice of what is termed as representative democracy whereby the citizens elect administration executives who formulate decisions that will represent the interest of those citizens. Representative democratic system is a type of indirect parliamentary government whereby such officials or intermediaries are democratically elected and typically complicated to recall them if they do not carry their duties as required. This form is usually based on a principle called Edmund Burkes which declares that the intermediaries selected should carry their duties based on the sense of what is right and wrong. (Joseph, 1950) Views of various scholars on American democracy There are many people who expressed different views about democracy and include the following: Robert A. Dahl who looked at the fundamental suppositions of democratic hypothesis, experiment them in opposition to the enquiries put forward by it opponents and build the concept of democratic system in to fresh and rational whole. Dahl deduces that there are various directions that democratic system has to move if superior autonomous countries are to subsist. (Dahl, 1989) Alexis de Tocqueville also had reflective outcomes regarding the theory of democratic organization. Alexi’s ideas emphasized on the issue of equality being an important ingredient to democracy; he further argues that without equality crime cases will rise. He also emphasizes on sovereignty or autonomy of states and also points out the importance of public opinion as the other key ingredients to achieving democracy. Another contributor is Jane Mansbridge who believed on democratic process and she dedicated her political opinions on democracy and equality in America. She argues that equality must prevail in order to achieve justice and only through democratic means that this equality can be realized. Thomas Marshall contributed to democracy in America by working to changing the existing laws then to that rules which embraced democracy for example he worked on voting rights among others. He also emphasized the issue of equality and he said that it propelled the country in the direct direction that is being democratic. He also worked tirelessly in reinforcing substantive egalitarianism in America by guaranteeing that sparkling method of checks and equilibriums among the three divisions of administration put forward in the American constitution was functioning. On his part Richard Hofstadter proposed that both anti-intellectualism and utilitarianism are outcomes experienced faced on the road to democratization of information or knowledge. Hofstadter preliminary worry of function of the institution of higher education and the scholars in the community developed into an influential appraisal of the current principle of learning and the position of civic education in America. (Johansen, 1996)

Rutgers University-Camden Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Rutgers University-Camden is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 71%. Located in Camden, New Jersey, Rutgers-Camden is one of the three regional campuses of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Undergraduates can choose from 38 majors. Psychology, English, and business majors are some of the most popular among undergraduates. The university has a 12-to-1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 24. In athletics, the Rutgers Camden Scarlet Raptors compete in the NCAA Division III New Jersey Athletic Conference. Considering applying to Rutgers University-Camden? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Rutgers University-Camden had an acceptance rate of 71%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 71 students were admitted, making Rutgers-Camdens admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 9,479 Percent Admitted 71% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 12% SAT Scores and Requirements Rutgers-Camden requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 95% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 500 590 Math 500 590 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Rutgers-Camdens admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Rutgers-Camden scored between 500 and 590, while 25% scored below 500 and 25% scored above 590. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 500 and 590, while 25% scored below 500 and 25% scored above 590. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1180 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Rutgers University-Camden. Requirements Rutgers-Camden does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Rutgers-Camden participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Rutgers-Camden requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 11% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 16 25 Math 17 23 Composite 17 23 This admissions data tells us that most of Rutgers-Camdens admitted students fall within the  bottom 33% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Rutgers received a composite ACT score between 17 and 23, while 25% scored above 23 and 25% scored below 17. Requirements Note that Rutgers University-Camden does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Rutgers-Camden does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2019, the middle 50% of Rutgers University-Camdens incoming class had high school GPAs between 3.1 and 4.0. 25% had a GPA above 4.0, and 25% had a GPA below 3.1. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Rutgers-Camden have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Rutgers University-Camden Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Rutgers University-Camden. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Rutgers University-Camden, which accepts fewer than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, Rutgers-Camdens admissions process involves other factors beyond grades and test scores. A strong  application essay  and a  rigorous course schedule  can strengthen your application, as can participation in  meaningful extracurricular activities. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside of Rutgers-Camdens average range. Note that Rutgers-Camden does not consider  letters of recommendation  in the admissions process. In the scattergram above, blue and green dots represent accepted students. Most successful applicants had SAT scores of 1000 or higher (ERWM), ACT composite scores of 20  or higher, and high school averages of a B or higher. Many admitted applicants had grades in the A range. If You Like Rutgers-Camden, You May Also Like These Schools: Drexel UniversityRutgers University-New BrunswickNew York UniversityTemple UniversitySeton Hall UniversityUniversity of ConnecticutBoston UniversityPrinceton UniversityVillanova UniversityHarvard UniversityUniversity of Pennsylvania All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Rutgers University-Camden Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Examining the Social Interactions of the Inclusion...

Examining the Social Interactions of the Inclusion Classroom: A Grounded Theory HIED 595 Texas AM University-Commerce Examining the Social Interactions of the Elementary Inclusion Classroom: A Grounded Theory Inclusion has been one of the main focuses in the field of special education for the past two decades. Students with disabilities are being integrated in the general education classrooms at a steady pace. With the focus being on inclusion, educators are increasingly concerned with the social difficulties of students with disabilities (Lewis, Chard, Scott, 1994). In any child’s life, it is important that they grow socially and academically. So, are disabled students in the†¦show more content†¦In a review of literature on inclusion, Salend and Garrick (1999) concluded that benefits of inclusion for many students with disabilities actually gained academically and had an increase in peer acceptance. They also gained higher self-esteem and more friends. On the opposing end, there is research that cautions that inclusion may not be the best place for every child. A study by Naomi Zigmond et al. (1995) found that only half of the students placed in inclusion classroo ms were able to benefit. Past research has shown that for the other half that did not benefit, it could be because they were not accepted, understood, and interacted with in a prosocial manner (McKinney Westervelt, 1980). There are studies that have concluded that students with disabilities were less popular, had poorer self-concepts, and could not assess their own social status (Stevens Slavin, 1995). In the past 20 years there has been a vast amount of research on inclusion, but over the past five to ten years researchers have begun to look at the classroom culture or social climates being represented by interactions among the general education and special education students in the inclusion classroom (Bennacer, 2000). â€Å"A sociocultural perspective holds that learning is social even to the extent that all higher mental functions are internalized social relationships (Vygotsky, 1981 citedShow MoreRelatedThe Digital Native1470 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests in the stud ents’ use of Web 2.0 in and out school and their engagement with this technology emerge from the research. However, trying not to ignore social realities such as the lack of access to technologies and poor technology training, the research also adapts a flavour of social constructivism. 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